tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-52418092147011751262024-03-13T20:29:38.082-07:00台灣強化稻作栽培體系 (System of Rice Intensification in Taiwan, Taiwan-SRI)有鑑於台灣農村耕作環境的劣化,台灣SRI研究群於2010年開始與美國康乃爾大學Uphoff T. Norman教授(SRI主席)及日本東京大學Eiji Yamaji教授(日本SRI主席)合作,在台南後壁區以世界稻作革命技術推動台灣在地化的強化稻作栽培體系(System of Rice Intensification, SRI)。
相對於綠色革命以化學農藥、肥料、水及基因技術等高投入高產出(high input, more rice)的做法,稻作革命技術SRI則希望回歸到水、土壤及作物的合理利用,以低投入高產出(less input, more rice)的觀點與大自然和諧相處,使農民能從事友善環境的耕作方式。
世界目前已有48個國家有實施SRI的成功經驗,台灣則列為第45個國家,本網站詳細記錄台灣實施SRI的經驗與後續發展。
by 張煜權, 2010張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.comBlogger24125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-52022831676807350702019-03-24T20:46:00.000-07:002019-03-25T07:05:21.240-07:00台灣SRI已經10歲了~<br />
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<a href="http://aredar001.pixnet.net/blog/post/67851594-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3sri%EF%BC%88%E6%B0%B4%E7%A8%BB%E5%BC%B7%E5%8C%96%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%EF%BC%89%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%8A%E6%8E%A8%E5%BB%A3" target="_blank">台灣 SRI 的發展與推廣</a>(2009-2019)</div>
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<br />張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-26720750439253795692016-07-17T06:58:00.001-07:002016-07-17T07:09:29.491-07:00SRI保育型農業環境學會成立SRI保育型農業環境學會(CA-SRI)已於2016年7月2日成立,並登錄於國際SRI新聞版面(http://www.scoop.it/t/system-of-rice-intensification-sri)。會中邀請美國康乃爾大學SRI主席Norman Uphoff教授及日本東京大學J-SRI主席Eiji Yamaji教授擔任學會榮譽顧問。<br />
學會網站:http://www.ca-sri.org<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MHY_wAVGMTw/V4uPc8yZlCI/AAAAAAAAB6A/AtnpfeLUmo0JhfEdk9kGDvvRqEGDNUPzwCK4B/s1600/SRI.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MHY_wAVGMTw/V4uPc8yZlCI/AAAAAAAAB6A/AtnpfeLUmo0JhfEdk9kGDvvRqEGDNUPzwCK4B/s320/SRI.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aaUhK-VV24w/V4uPTMZF5PI/AAAAAAAAB54/x43dpYw3vBMi5g_DNqWTplwfNjFlu7lCQCK4B/s1600/first%2Bgeneral%2Bmeeting.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="168" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aaUhK-VV24w/V4uPTMZF5PI/AAAAAAAAB54/x43dpYw3vBMi5g_DNqWTplwfNjFlu7lCQCK4B/s320/first%2Bgeneral%2Bmeeting.jpg" width="320" /></a>張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-33385452637442541332016-04-06T07:11:00.000-07:002019-03-24T20:47:00.347-07:00第一屆台日SRI研討會<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="font-size: 18.018px; line-height: 25.2252px;">時間:2014年10月31日,星期五</span></h3>
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主辦單位:繁葵企業劉清繁總裁、甘泉大地劉宗軒董事長<br />
主持人:台灣大學名譽教授甘俊二博士<br />
議題與主講人:<br />
1.東京大學教授山路永司博士-SRI的發展與驗證<br />
2.醒吾科大教授張煜權博士-台灣SRI的試驗成果</div>
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<img height="212" src="https://scontent-tpe1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xtp1/v/t1.0-9/12744294_10153666624624843_7796787033507069485_n.jpg?oh=19172f752f80b420f9775569e5373d8b&oe=57804575" width="320" /></div>
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<img height="212" src="https://scontent-tpe1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xpa1/v/t1.0-9/12717859_10153666620394843_7104728561870618670_n.jpg?oh=c3ba5e46bf1c75e1506032d581beda4d&oe=577E8CCB" width="320" /></div>
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<img height="212" src="https://scontent-tpe1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xtl1/v/t1.0-9/12741915_10153666622224843_2509390885096057852_n.jpg?oh=849e9848eec41652830ac6304d795ca7&oe=57773631" width="320" /></div>
張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-3600202122952842832016-04-05T01:34:00.000-07:002016-04-29T05:24:21.899-07:00第二屆台日SRI研討會時間:2016年3月29日,星期二<br />
研討會主辦單位:繁葵企業集團、甘泉大地、SRI保育型農業環境學會籌備處<br />
協助技術參訪單位:七星農田水利研究發展基金會、新竹縣芎林鄉公所<br />
研討會主持人:台灣大學名譽教授甘俊二博士<br />
研討議題與主講人:<br />
1. 季風區發展中國家的 SRI / 日本 SRI 研究會 (J-SRI) / 山路 永司 博士(東京大學教授)<br />
2. SRI保育型農業的發展 / SRI 保育型農業環境學會籌備處 / 張 煜權 博士(醒吾科大教授)<br />
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繁葵企業總裁劉清繁先生說明SRI FAQs華文版新書發行</div>
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台灣大學名譽教授甘俊二博士主持會議</div>
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J-SRI主席東京大學教授山路永司博士演說</div>
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前台北市長黃大洲博士致詞</div>
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水利署副署長曹華平博士致詞</div>
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七星農田水利研究發展基金會董事長周師文先生致詞</div>
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SRI保育型農業環境學會籌備處醒吾科大教授張煜權博士演說</div>
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全體與會人士合影</div>
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張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-14091912820424009522015-07-31T00:26:00.001-07:002015-08-02T06:33:06.407-07:00後壁農民SRI試驗推廣0.25公頃(乾穀:10噸/公頃,2013二期,三角插秧)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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nursing tray</div>
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root ball</div>
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single seedling</div>
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2 seedling </div>
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3 seedling </div>
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CP </div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VRZURs23O14/Vbsxi8iFuWI/AAAAAAAABzE/XxiMy4FJCjo/s1600/com.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VRZURs23O14/Vbsxi8iFuWI/AAAAAAAABzE/XxiMy4FJCjo/s320/com.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CP, single, 2 seedling, 3 seedling<br />
SRI 乳苗單株移植及少淹水可以強根</td></tr>
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<br />張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-55830858258595064102015-07-31T00:22:00.001-07:002015-08-02T04:43:17.663-07:00芎林農民SRI試驗推廣0.5公頃(2015,二期)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ls8U76U5wLU/VbsnfYPVdvI/AAAAAAAABxg/VPK_rd9epRQ/s1600/P11208490.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ls8U76U5wLU/VbsnfYPVdvI/AAAAAAAABxg/VPK_rd9epRQ/s320/P11208490.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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說明一心兩葉移植的原因及根為何需要呼吸 by 張煜權</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EAaLDcBBbIw/VbsnckECqqI/AAAAAAAABxY/NJO6t_V9G3Y/s1600/P11208550.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EAaLDcBBbIw/VbsnckECqqI/AAAAAAAABxY/NJO6t_V9G3Y/s320/P11208550.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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高速移植機毯式育苗少株移植(1-3株/穴,150 kg seeds/tray,一般農民300kg/tray以上)</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RWtixRMO8sw/Vbshpeb79eI/AAAAAAAABw4/jBlfeTtOk48/s1600/P_20150601_135033.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RWtixRMO8sw/Vbshpeb79eI/AAAAAAAABw4/jBlfeTtOk48/s320/P_20150601_135033.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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台灣農民採用SRI</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Dwqxk9wh30w/VbsiDZdc9UI/AAAAAAAABxA/6yYp8TgZ7s4/s1600/P_20150601_134028.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Dwqxk9wh30w/VbsiDZdc9UI/AAAAAAAABxA/6yYp8TgZ7s4/s320/P_20150601_134028.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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行間踩溝,聚集福壽螺吃行間雜草;採行淺溝灌溉,水深不淹及莖底</div>
張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-48002148312833913782015-07-31T00:15:00.001-07:002015-08-02T06:33:26.710-07:00洲美農民SRI試驗推廣1公頃(乾穀:6噸/公頃,2015一期)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ruiw2pFBuqM/VbsoywBeYdI/AAAAAAAABxs/rGrnoWWJOU0/s1600/P11207320.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ruiw2pFBuqM/VbsoywBeYdI/AAAAAAAABxs/rGrnoWWJOU0/s320/P11207320.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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SRI 莖壯,根部與葉面之間的養分及水分輸送暢通,肥料使用效率提高,達到少化肥的目的</div>
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<a href="http://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/73152/?utm_source=SocialWarfare" target="_blank">減水3成「根」強壯 關渡SRI種稻試驗 為氣候變遷找出路</a></div>
張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-54341226034062594472015-03-16T22:03:00.000-07:002015-04-02T07:00:20.644-07:00台灣 SRI 之概念架構 (台、美、日共同合作) 刊登於PWE期刊 ( Yu-Chuan Chang, Norman T. Uphoff & Eiji Yamaji, 2015)<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzWh_xhEqwvccTR6OGM1OG4wSmM/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">台灣 SRI 之概念架構 (台、美、日共同合作) 刊登於PWE期刊 by 張煜權, 2015</a><br />
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzWh_xhEqwvccTR6OGM1OG4wSmM/view?usp=sharing張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-67850090338647717982015-01-31T20:00:00.000-08:002015-01-31T20:16:09.702-08:00寧靜的台灣稻作革命(上)-低投入高產出的強化稻作系統<div style="text-align: right;">
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</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small;">by 張煜權,2015</span></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">為因應世界水資源與耕地日益短缺的情形,本文透過稻作強化栽培體系之回顧及其對水資源影響之探討,說明分析如何在不影響稻作產量與品質的前提下,提升農業水資源使用效率,達成穩定糧食供應與水資源效率化應用的雙重目標。未來在積極面希望確保農民權益,減少休耕對農業生產體的傷害;在消極面則配合農民擴大農地經營規模的趨勢,降低國內農糧生產成本,增加國際市場競爭力;就國土永續的立場,則在減緩農業地區因水源不穩定而超抽地下水所造成地層下陷及鹽鹼地的發生。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自從綠色革命以來,各國專家學者不論在理論上或實際實驗中,均有相當好的成果與成功的案例,雖然在不同階段對世界稻作生產有很大的影響,但就整體生產而言,似乎還有很多國家或地區的稻作生產情況並未獲得全面性的改善,這也就興起世界各國對區域稻作栽培體系強化的重視。目前許多國家的水稻生產面臨水資源缺乏及農耕地減少的問題,如何在這樣惡劣的情形下使每年約</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">545</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">百萬公噸的水稻產量增加到</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">700</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">百萬公噸,以滿足</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2025</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年額外增加的</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">65</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">億米食人口需求,將是一大挑戰。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">全球人口快速增加,預計到</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2025</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年,全球糧食將會不足,然而在此之前,將會有很多地區已經因糧食分配不均而挨餓。臺灣自加入</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">WTO</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">之後,面臨農產品開放進口壓力,傳統農業經營型態全面轉型,隨著國人飲食習慣的改變與水稻產量過剩,農村勞力日益減少,小農制度的架構開始受到挑戰,大農代耕及小農的有機農業開始呈兩極化的發展,水稻田的經營管理進入了新的里程碑。其次加上近期全球氣候異常,稻作生產環境日趨惡化,台灣與其他東亞國家一樣面臨氣候變遷與全球化雙重暴露的影響,水田用水管理的方式會影響到區域糧食安全的脆弱性及調適能力。因此臺灣稻作經營如何在降雨兩極化及耕地日益減少的情形下,面對全球稻作市場的未來需求與競爭,將是未來我國水稻經營發展的重點。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">與強化水稻用水栽培體系一詞較有相關者為國際上最近常被提起之水稻強化系統</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(The System of Rice Intensification</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">係由法國人</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Fr. Henride Laulanie, S. J</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">於</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1983</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">根據</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1960</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年至</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1983</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年間於馬達加斯加協助農民改善稻作栽培的經驗所提出的方法,該方法可讓當地稻作產量較慣行農法增加</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">50%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">至</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">100%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,而用水量可節省</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">25%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">到</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">50%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。但因當時缺乏理論基礎而被相關研究者詬病。ㄧ直到</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1993</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Laulanie</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">神父根據日本</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Katayama</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">教授的稻作分蘗與根系研究,才提出</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的理論基礎</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Uphoff</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1999)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,包括乳苗單株移植以充分利用分蘖優勢;透過乾濕交替用水管理挖掘根系生長潛力及疏植插秧以發揮大穗優勢。同年美國</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Uphoff </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">教授在「環境與農業」的一系列調查中,認為</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">是一種友善環境的作法</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Environment Friendly)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,透過</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">可以找到農業生產與環境保育的平衡點,因此開始積極推廣,並加入有機農業的想法。目前在各國實施的經驗裡,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">大致可分為</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Loranie</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">神父在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1983</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">提出的基本</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">及</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Uphoff</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">教授在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2009</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">所提出的有機</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">兩種,其中基本</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">原則包括插秧採用發芽後一周左右的乳苗;間隔約</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">25cm</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;使用</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">支苗進行插秧;抽穗期之前不湛水,採用間斷灌溉。至於有機</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">原則則為採用小苗插秧</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">或直播</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;插秧時避免傷到秧苗的根;插秧時拉開苗的間距;全生育期不湛水;增加土壤通氣性;增加土壤有機質。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">根據設立於美國康乃爾大學</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">國際組織統計</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">45</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">個實施過</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的地區經驗顯示</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(http://sri.ciifad.cornell.edu/index.html)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,採用</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的好處包括少株稀植減少稻種用量;減少秧苗準備的空間;乳苗移植,可縮短秧田時間;乾濕交替灌溉</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Alternative Wet and Dry,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>AWD)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,可以省水省電;乾濕灌溉、中耕等通氣性措施,改善水田生態環境,防止早衰,減輕倒伏和稻熱病;減少化肥,增施有機肥,增肥地力;減少化肥、農藥,提高回歸水品質;提高稻米品質,綠色優質化;增加農友改善稻作技術的動力。由於</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">原則不只可應用在灌溉稻上,印度及衣索比亞農民也嘗試將這些原則應用到其他作物體系,包括陸稻、看天田</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Rain-fed Rice)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、小麥、甘蔗、高粱、玉米、豆科、茄子、洋蔥、胡蘿蔔、芥菜及番茄等作物,因此又稱為作物強化體系</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(System of Crop Intensification, SCI)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,農民可透過</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SCI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的實施使作物生產環境改善,產量增加</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Sathiyavani, Kumaran and Nallasamy</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2012)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">台灣各地區缺水日益頻繁,區域常需犧牲末端灌溉減少灌溉面積以支援各標的用水。然而長期停灌休耕不僅使耕地面積減少及農村勞力外移,同時亦會影響原有水田生態公益功能。維持農地耕作與灌溉行為不但有助雜草的防制與土壤鹽分的淋洗,對於下游地區亦有減洪的效果。事實上當缺水發生時,提高每單位水生產力應比確保單位面積產量更為重要,因此從健全農業生產體系、維護農村環境生態、追求社會公平及提升灌溉生產力的角度,採用全面減供灌溉的節水措施應較停灌休耕為宜。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以減少田間水量投入的觀點來看,稻作在灌溉技術上可採用的有漫灌、續灌、濕潤灌溉、乾濕交替灌溉、溝灌、滑灌及噴灌等選擇。雖然後者能減少水量的投入,但相對的所需花費的勞力成本也會增加。由於田間農民往往比較關心的是如何省工及使產量增加,因此這也造成</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在推動初期往往會遭遇到很多困難,但在實際執行之後,由於</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">可以使植株壯大、穗粒數增加與飽滿結穗,因此有很多農民在嘗試</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">之後,會轉為積極支持</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的使用,進而使田間的水量可以大量的節省。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">臺灣傳統水稻田間管理,在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1895</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年以前由於地廣人稀,水源充足,故採用較粗放的越田連續灌溉,並無任何管理可言。到了二次大戰期間,當時日本大量開發臺灣的森林及水源地,並努力增加稻作與甘蔗生產,使得灌溉水源日益不穩定,雖然連續灌溉仍為主流,但是到了</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1925</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年開始在主要河川採用區域分水措施</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">分水協定</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,可謂大輪灌的開始。但在當時由於田間灌溉仍屬農民自行管理,加上田間灌溉設施不足,是故經常發生農民用水紛爭,影響產量及社會治安甚鉅。當時的農民的水稻栽培幾乎在全生育期間皆採維持</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分淹水的續灌方式,即所謂的「淹腳目」,將水稻在抽穗前或後之日數,以</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">10</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天為一個生育階段來區分,在不同生育期中,皆維持</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分的灌溉水深。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">然而在水源缺乏地區,水稻栽培期內,往往無法全期進行湛水灌溉,僅能在水稻最需要水分之時期,予以施灌。李金道</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(1965)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">乃根據日本農林省研究結果,認為孕穗期前為避免土壤過度還原,應實施乾田排水,至於其他生育期則應視稻作生育狀況而有不同的淹水深。張學錕</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(1967)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">提出,灌溉得宜與否,關係稻之生育與收量至大,故將水稻生育期分為插秧期、分蘗期、幼穗形成期、孕穗期、抽穗開花期及成熟期,就各生育期進行不同水深之灌溉方式。汪呈因</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(1974)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">提出,在溫帶日本及熱帶印度研究結果,水稻生長期間可分為插秧期、分蘗期、開花期及成熟期,灌溉水量總以淺薄為妥善,即需水期最盛時期,亦不可超過</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">6</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分以上。目前ㄧ般農民田間用水管理是以結穗為界,結穗前田面維持約</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">至</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">8</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分的湛水,結穗後則除了</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">至</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">8</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分的湛水外,並增加乾田排水日數。至於在較為缺水地區則於插秧後</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">6</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天內不淹水,使幼苗壯大,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">6</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天後則維持田面淹水狀態避免雜草生長,待分蘗至田面已無法生出雜草時,則採用濕潤灌溉,直至收割前一個星期始放乾田面,可以說台灣目前農民慣行農法</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Conventional Practice</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CP)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">所採用的用水管理已符合</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">FAO</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">理論所追求的合理灌溉</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Sound Water Management, SWM)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">由於慣行農法</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Conventional
practice, CP)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">往往是農民依據當地氣候、水文及土壤特性所調適出來的作法,因此對農民而言,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CP</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">往往較</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">合理及容易接受。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">McDonald</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等人就從馬達加斯加等十個國家收集了將近</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">40</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">筆的</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">資料,再與當地慣行農法的結果進行比較,並沒得到</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在產量上有明顯的優勢。紀錄中包括馬達加斯加實施</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">所增加的產量並沒有超過</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">22%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,如果扣除馬達加斯加的紀錄,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">甚至是減產的,總計在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">35</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">筆的</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">紀錄中,有</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">24</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">筆</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的產量記錄比當地慣行農法減少</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">11%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以上。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">McDonald</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等人並警告在未開發國家以外的地區推廣</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">必須特別注意,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">事實上並未改變稻作生理上的生產潛能</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(McDonald et al, 2006)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。另外,根據</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Moser</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">與</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Barett</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在未開發國家</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">如馬達加斯加</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">對</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">所作的調查,由於實施</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">需耗費相當的人力與耗費推廣作業來改變農民現有作業方式,因此並不建議採用</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI (Moser and Barett, 2003)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">茲比較有機</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">原則與台灣慣行農法的差異,如表一。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">表一</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>SRI</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">與</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體;">CP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; font-size: 13pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">之比較</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: currentColor; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 969px;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td colspan="2" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none; border-width: 1pt 0px; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 43.95pt;" valign="top" width="88"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-layout-grid-mode: char; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">項目</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none; border-width: 1pt 0px; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.8pt;" valign="top" width="196"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-layout-grid-mode: char; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">SRI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none; border-width: 1pt 0px; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" valign="top" width="213"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-layout-grid-mode: char; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">CP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none; border-width: 1pt 0px; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 236.6pt;" valign="top" width="473"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-layout-grid-mode: char; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td colspan="2" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 43.95pt;" valign="top" width="88"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">移植株齡</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.8pt;" valign="top" width="196"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">人工插秧,發芽後</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">8</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">12</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">天移植</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" valign="top" width="213"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">機械插秧,發芽後</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">10~21</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">天移植</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 236.6pt;" valign="top" width="473"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">同為ㄧ心兩葉,惟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">在溫度較高的地區,秧苗發展較快,因此秧苗移植天數較短。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">CP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">機插可減少人力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 3.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td colspan="2" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 43.95pt;" valign="top" width="88"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">每穴株數</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.8pt;" valign="top" width="196"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">1</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">株</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" valign="top" width="213"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">2~3</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">株</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">現有農民</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">5~11</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">株</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 236.6pt;" valign="top" width="473"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">有較佳的植株空間,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">CP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">每穴種植</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">1~2</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">株並不影響其產量,但為防止死亡,仍以每穴</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">2~3</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">株為宜,可避免單株發育不良的風險。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td colspan="2" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 43.95pt;" valign="top" width="88"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">穴距</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.8pt;" valign="top" width="196"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">植株應有適宜間距,建議在</span><st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="25" tcsc="0" unitname="公分" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">25</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">公分</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">以上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" valign="top" width="213"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">株距</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">17~<st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="21" tcsc="0" unitname="公分" w:st="on">21<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN-US">公分</span></span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,行距</span><st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="30" tcsc="0" unitname="公分" w:st="on">30<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN-US">公分</span></span></st1:chmetcnv><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 236.6pt;" valign="top" width="473"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">根系應有適當空間,避免植株根系競爭土壤養分,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">CP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">可以考慮增加株距。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td colspan="2" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 43.95pt;" valign="top" width="88"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">除草</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.8pt;" valign="top" width="196"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">中耕除草</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" valign="top" width="213"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">除草劑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">機械除草</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 236.6pt;" valign="top" width="473"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">CP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">減少人力,除草效果也比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">好。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td colspan="2" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 43.95pt;" valign="top" width="88"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">肥料</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.8pt;" valign="top" width="196"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">堆肥</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" valign="top" width="213"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">有機肥或鴨稻等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 236.6pt;" valign="top" width="473"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">CP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">減少人力,也較</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">安全衛生。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"><td rowspan="4" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.3pt;" valign="top" width="43"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">田間用水管裡</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.65pt;" valign="top" width="45"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">抽穗前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.8pt;" valign="top" width="196"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">乾濕交替之間斷灌溉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">(AWD)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">約</span><st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="2" tcsc="0" unitname="公分" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">2</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">公分</span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" valign="top" width="213"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">缺水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">:</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">間斷灌溉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">平時</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">:</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">續灌,地表上維持微量的冠水層</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">5~<st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="6" tcsc="0" unitname="公分" w:st="on">6<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN-US">公分</span></span></st1:chmetcnv>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 236.6pt;" valign="top" width="473"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">CP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">可抑制雜草生長,減少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">除草勞力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.65pt;" valign="top" width="45"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">孕穗前週</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.8pt;" valign="top" width="196"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">乾濕交替之間斷灌溉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">(AWD)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">約</span><st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="2" tcsc="0" unitname="公分" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">2</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">公分</span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" valign="top" width="213"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">排水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 236.6pt;" valign="top" width="473"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">CP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">需促進根系發展,減少無效分蘗。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">土壤已有良好的通氣性不需要排水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.65pt;" valign="top" width="45"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">孕穗期</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span></td><td rowspan="2" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.8pt;" valign="top" width="196"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">續灌,地表上維持較高的冠水層</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">約</span><st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="5" tcsc="0" unitname="公分" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">5</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">公分</span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">缺水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">:</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">間斷灌溉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">平時</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">:</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">續灌,地表上維持微量的冠水層</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">5~<st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="10" tcsc="0" unitname="公分" w:st="on">10<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN-US">公分</span></span></st1:chmetcnv>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">主要在維持土壤飽和狀態,考量整地情形,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">面積小可以較低水深</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">(2~<st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="5" tcsc="0" unitname="公分" w:st="on">5<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN-US">公分</span></span></st1:chmetcnv>)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">CP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">面積大需較高水深</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">(5~<st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="10" tcsc="0" unitname="公分" w:st="on">10<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN-US">公分</span></span></st1:chmetcnv>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 22.65pt;" valign="top" width="45"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">孕穗後</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">採用間斷灌溉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">5~<st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="10" tcsc="0" unitname="公分" w:st="on">10<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN-US">公分</span></span></st1:chmetcnv>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></td><td style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 236.6pt;" valign="top" width="473"><span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">人工收割不需要考慮土壤承載力,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;">CP</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">增加田間土壤承載力以利機械收割</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">張煜權,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2013<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">首先在移植株齡方面,不論是</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">及</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CP</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">均主張秧苗發展到ㄧ心兩葉時即必須移植。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">建議在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">8</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">至</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">12</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天時會發展到一心兩葉,而採人工插秧可避免植株根系受損</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Thakur et al 2010, Mishra and Salokhe 2011)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。至於臺灣的</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CP</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">則建議在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">21</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天時移植保證同時開花及結穗,大於</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">21</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天開花與結穗期會延後其超齡天數之一半,小於</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">21</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天時,其開花提早約提早日數之一半,採用機械插秧節省人力。分析其原因主要因為目前</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">之推廣均在溫度較高的地區,秧苗發展較快,因此秧苗移植天數較短,再加上當地勞力成本較低,故可以利用人力插秧避免植株根系受損。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">至於每穴株數,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">每穴</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">株有較佳的植株空間,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CP</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">每穴則種植</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2~3</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">株,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CP</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">主要的原因為試驗結果顯示,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">至</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">株並不影響其產量,但為防止死亡,仍以每穴</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2-3</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">株為宜,可避免單株發育不良的風險。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在穴距方面,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">認為植株應有適宜間距,建議在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">25</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分以上,避免植株根系競爭土壤養分</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Lin et al 2009,Zhao et
al 2011)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CP</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的部分則認為株距</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">17</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分及行距</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">30</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分時有最佳之機械操作能量與水稻產量。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在雜草防治部分,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">與</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CP</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">均有進行中耕除草作業,</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">其中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">主要為利用豐年車進行除草翻籬,近年來有於日本水田中耕除草機的推廣,也有許多</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">農民開始使用中耕除草機;</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CP</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在非有機的部份則慣用農藥,有機的部份除沿用早期中耕除草機外,亦有配合鴨稻系統</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(duck-rice system)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">及藻類等覆蓋物除草,不但節省勞力,除草效果也較人力中耕機具為佳。至於在施肥作業方面,臺灣有機肥的製作均已達到量化生產的規模,有機肥的價格也已經降低到農民可以接受的程度,生產過程遠較</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的農民自行堆肥方式來的衛生安全,成分容易控制且所需勞力較低。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在田間用水管部分,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">在抽穗前採乾濕交替之間斷灌溉,維持土壤通氣性,使根系完全伸長</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Zhao et al, 2011; Thakur et al, 2010; Uphoff, 2009)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;孕穗期之後採續灌,地表上維持較高的冠水層</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">水深約</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,避免稻株缺水減產</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Ceesay et al 2006, Satyanarayana et al 2007,Uphoff and
Randriamiharisoa 2002)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。至於</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CP</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的部分,為防治雜草生長,減少除草作業成本,抽穗前採續灌使地表上維持微量的冠水層</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">水深約</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2~5</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;進入孕穗期前ㄧ週,為促進稻作根系伸長,避免土壤過度還原,減少無效分蘗,因此需要排乾田面,進行曬田;孕穗期採續灌,地表上維持微量的冠水層</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">水深約</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5~10</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;孕穗期後採用間斷灌溉</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">水深約</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5~10</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,逐漸排除田面土壤水分以增加地表承載力,以便於收穫期時農作機械之運行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">甘俊二,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1968</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,甘俊二、游輝榮、董世旻,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1971)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">然而水田猶如水淺而面積廣的平地水庫,對區域具有消洪減洪的功能。有鑑於此,甘俊二及鄭俊澤</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(1995)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">由日本引進深水密植栽培</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Deepwater Management Practice</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">DMP)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的概念,次年由鄭俊澤與張煜權</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(1996)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">於高雄中壇工作站進行超量灌溉試驗,該試驗期間發現稻作深水栽培除了對稻作生長有幫助外,對增加有效雨量、補助地下水量及與抑制水田地區下游地區洪峰流量亦有相當大的貢獻</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Chang et al 2002)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。唯目前台灣稻作主要為低地淺水稻作</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(lowland
rice)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,對於淹水的忍受程度有限。爲探討水稻受淹水所造成的損害,施嘉昌</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(1976)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">曾進行在水稻各生長期浸水的試驗研究,浸水高度為當時植株生長高度之</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">40%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">70%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">及</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">100%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">等三種。最後在產量比較上三種浸水高度以</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">100%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">株高時損害最大,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">40%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">與</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">70%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">之間產量相差不大。該試驗過程中,曾提出生育期適當的淹水組合,甚至可以有較高產量的情形,若以株高換算,最大灌溉水深可達</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">40</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2004</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年由農委會於雲林水利會灌區試驗深水栽培對</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">6</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">種不同品種的稻作之影響,確立了深水栽培在臺灣的用水管理方式</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Chang et al
2007)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。該用水管理方式與日本最大的不同是農民在抽穗期前仍無法接受隨生育期調整水深的觀念,故現行深水栽培主要是在稻作進入抽穗期之後,隨稻作株高調整淹水深,最高可到達</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">25</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">農委會,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2005)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。未來若能於降雨期間結合水稻深水栽培的方式,鼓勵農民將降雨蓄於田間,將可期待發揮水田如平地水庫的功能。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">近期台灣因水源的不足</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">如地下水位下降及水庫淤積</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、水質劣化</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">如化學污染及鹽化</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、灌溉系統功能障礙及其他用水標的競爭所造成的缺水情況越來越頻繁,因此農委會農田水利處於</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2009</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年著手推動「強化水稻用水栽培體系可行性評估及其對水資源之影響計畫」</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">農委會,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2011)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,希望藉由</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的推動提升稻作栽培的水資源效益,而農民在執行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">之後亦能努力改進整地技術,奠定擴大農業經營面積的基礎,並鼓勵農民從事友善環境的耕作方式。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">該計畫首先針對台灣北、中及南部的水資源條件及慣行農法進行調查;其次考量<st1:personname productid="甘俊二" w:st="on">甘俊二</st1:personname>教授於</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1997</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年提出水田及水庫的概念</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Paddy Field Dam)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的概念,分析稻作深水密植的優缺點</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Chang
et al 2001</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Chang et al 2007)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;最後透過日本</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">主席</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Yamaji</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">教授及美國</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">主席</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Uphoff</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">教授收集</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的作法,並將</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CP</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、深水密植及</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">三者進行田間試驗及推廣比較。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">計畫結果建議臺灣稻作強化體系應發展出水田蓄水及稻作耐旱兩者並重的用水管理。在實際執行時,考量農田水利會以明渠輸水的方式,農田水利會執行系統</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(off farm)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">配水應以大流量及長時間的輪灌供水期距為操作原則,盡量減少輸配水損失,以供應田間農民執行全生育期間斷灌溉為目標。至於輪區以下的田間</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(on farm)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">配水,則不論是深水密植或</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,均應配合農塘的設置或田間管路化進行,包括一期作配合缺水型態執行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">淺水管理</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">節省</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">25%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以上的田間灌溉用水量,水生產力為</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CP</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">至</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">6</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">倍</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,二期作配合雨季執行深水密植高水深管理</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">可增加</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">16%~28%</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">有效雨量</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。上述配水管理之改變,在水利會尚未調整水源灌溉計劃前,執行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">所節省的田間灌溉用水量及深水密植所增加的有效雨量,均應透過末端尾水回收體系,增加下游灌區之輔助水源水量,藉此穩定農業地區的灌溉水源,減緩地層下陷及鹽鹼地發生的機率,提升區域水資源應用之效率化。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">唯目前國際間推廣</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">成功的地區,大部分是以機械化程度不高或缺乏田間灌溉設施的小田坵園藝型稻作栽培為主,例如印尼及柬埔寨的坵塊面積為</span><st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="0.025" tcsc="0" unitname="公頃" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0.025</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公頃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,農民較易於田間實施灌溉水深不及</span><st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="2" tcsc="0" unitname="公分" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公分</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的精密用水管理方式,考量我國目前農地重劃</span><st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="0.25" tcsc="0" unitname="公頃" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0.25</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公頃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的坵塊面積大小及未來擴大農地經營面積以適應大型農機具的趨勢,一期作推廣國際</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">用水管理必須優先考量如何在大面積經營體系中提升農民整地的水準及克服灌溉均勻度的問題。根據日本</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">研究團隊在台灣考察結果發現,台灣有部分未重劃區域內,農民在長邊</span><st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="200" tcsc="0" unitname="公尺" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">200</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">公尺</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以上</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">現有重劃坵塊長邊的兩倍</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的農地上成功種植水稻,相當值得台灣、日本及韓國在推廣大面積執行國際</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">用水管理之參考。此外,現行保價收購政策主要在有效管理稻米產量並照顧弱勢農民,使農業能永續發展,然而過去農民在缺乏正確的認識下,均以大量的秧苗、肥料、農藥及水量來追求總產量的提高,藉此提高收入。唯這種「高投入,高產出」的生產方式相當耗用自然資源,未來則應透過正確觀念的宣導,使農民接受</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">少苗、少肥、少藥及少水的田間管理習慣,以期建立稻作強化體系追求「低投入,高產出」</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Less
water, More rice)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的目標。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">世界目前已有<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">48</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">個國家有實施</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的成功經驗,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2011</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年台灣列入第</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">45</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">個</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">國家。</span>相對於綠色革命以化學農藥、肥料、水及基因技術等高投入高產出</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(high input, more rice)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的做法,世界銀行近年來積極推廣稻作革命技術</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI(</span><a href="http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/245848/"><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: Calibri;">http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/245848/</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,主要希望希望將作物生產的過程回歸到水、土壤及作物的合理利用,以低投入高產出</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Achieving More with Less: A new way of rice cultivation)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的觀點與大自然和諧相處,使農民能從事友善環境的耕作方式。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">為能使世界銀行所推動的稻作革命在台灣生根,國際醫療器材集團繁葵集團</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Caremed
Supply Inc.)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">於</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2013</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年成立甘泉研究群,由企業家劉清繁先生與劉宗軒先生率領團隊,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">結合台灣原</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">相關試驗研究人員於原試驗場地繼續</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">之研究,以期發展出適合於台灣環境的</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Taiwan SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。期間研究團隊與美國康乃爾大學</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Uphoff T. Norman</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">教授</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">主席</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">及日本東京大學</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Eiji Yamaji</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">教授</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日本</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">主席</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">成立共同合作關係,並於「</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2014</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年水田及水環境國際研討會(</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">PAWEES</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)」中,將</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2013</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年試驗成果由臺、美、日學者共同發表</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Taiwan SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">準則。同年,財團法人台北市七星農田水利研究發展基金會與社團法人台灣農業工程學會合作成立「都會型農田水利會灌區成立</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">稻米產銷專區之研究」計畫,計畫中將應用甘泉團隊所建立的</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Taiwan SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">準則於七星農田水利會灌區試作,該構想贏得繁葵集團劉清繁總裁之認同讚賞,願意全數收購採用</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Taiwan SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">準則且經檢驗合格之稻米。合作同意書業於</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">103</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">10</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">23</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日假經濟部水利署由七星基金會董事長周師文、農業工程學會理事長楊偉甫及繁葵集團總裁劉清繁共同簽署完成。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">農工學會楊理事長表示,政策之推動除政府公部門外,結合民間團體及企業界力量已蔚為趨勢,此一合作模式,將有助於帶動其他民間團體及企業仿效跟進。基金會周董事長亦認為此一經營模式,可有效改善目前轄區耕作因代耕求速、大量使用肥料致土壤酸化的現象。繁葵集團劉清繁總裁則指出企業如有能力,應有責任回饋社會,以政府保證價格與農民契作,除可協助農民改善生活外,亦可提供企業員工無毒良質米。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">前臺大農工系教授甘俊二則以十三年前擔任七星基金會董事長期間,與日本財團法人河川整備中心簽訂合作備忘錄,成功促進臺、日雙邊水利技術交流至今為例,說明臺灣稻作栽培技術深獲美、日兩國認同,希望藉由</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Taiwan SRI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">之示範經驗,未來推廣於已開發國家;此一結合政府、民間團體與企業之經營管理合作模式,達到農民收益提高、消費者安心、政府政策落實及環境保育因應氣候變遷等四贏之綜合效益。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span>張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-64910101242762321732015-01-31T19:27:00.003-08:002015-02-07T21:22:18.337-08:00台灣稻作強化體系(Taiwan SRI)2014年活動 <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">台灣稻作強化體系</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Taiwan SRI)2014</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年活動</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.2014 PAWEES</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">國際研討會</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(2014</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">10</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月,高雄</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,台灣、美國與日本共同發表台灣稻作強化體系</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(Taiwan SRI)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">準則</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://dochub.com/yuchuanchang/kZ38V/pawee2014-t3a3" target="_blank">Yu-Chuan CHANG, Norman T. UPHOFF and Eiji YAMAJI, 2014, A conceptual framework for eco-friendly paddy farming in Taiwan, based on experimentation with System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methodology, PAWEES 2014 International Conference &PAWEES Annual Meeting, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.<o:p></o:p></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2. </span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">舉辦台日稻作強化體系</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(SRI Taiwan)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">研討</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">台北,2014/10/31</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,邀請日本</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI(J-SRI)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">主席</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">YAMAJI</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">教授與台灣</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SRI(Taiwan-SRI)</span></span><span style="font-family: "新細明體",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">對談。</span></span></div>
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張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-54481120765134731742014-01-05T00:03:00.003-08:002014-01-05T00:03:22.146-08:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
台灣第一代(袋)SRI精米,限量500包(後壁鄉,2014)<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xyZ0c3wmP3I/UskRG0DZt2I/AAAAAAAAA3s/Coeq_bgYVJI/s1600/SRI-rice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xyZ0c3wmP3I/UskRG0DZt2I/AAAAAAAAA3s/Coeq_bgYVJI/s320/SRI-rice.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-50008363817976876202013-08-19T05:44:00.002-07:002014-02-08T18:23:02.491-08:00稻作強化體系應用於台灣之可行性研究相關論文(2013)<a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzWh_xhEqwvcaHdzYjVQZnNqd2M/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><span style="color: black;">張煜權、陳清田、謝儒震,2013,稻作強化體系應用於台灣之可行性研究,台灣水利61(2)</span></a><br />
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<br />張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-81745622505927538852013-08-16T16:35:00.001-07:002013-08-16T16:37:55.881-07:00<span style="background-color: white; color: #37404e; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">甘泉大地米中心(EGG Rice Center)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #37404e; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">甘泉消弭貧窮(Fair for life),大地友善環境(Environmental friendly),每個人都是甘泉大地的守護者(Earth Guardian Group)。</span><br />
<iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=200618181854343737711.0004e41119ac8af56a143&ll=23.373787,120.390992&spn=0,0&t=h&output=embed" width="425"></iframe><br />
<small>在较大的地图中查看<a href="https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=200618181854343737711.0004e41119ac8af56a143&ll=23.373787,120.390992&spn=0,0&t=h&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">甘泉大地米中心(EGG Rice Center)</a></small>張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0731, Taiwan, Tainan City, Houbi District, 南90鄉道23.3758257 120.3911633999999823.3740037 120.38864189999998 23.3776477 120.39368489999998tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-35276747910192504232012-09-07T16:20:00.001-07:002015-02-01T03:28:21.041-08:00農民慣行農法之BMP與基本SRI原則在各構面之評比表<div style="text-align: right;">
張煜權,2012</div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin-left: -20.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 1.4pt 0cm 1.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 92.15pt;" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">構面</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 81.55pt;" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">項目</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">子項</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">BMP</span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">SRI</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td nowrap="" rowspan="5" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水資源</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 81.55pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">田間供水量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">灌溉水量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有效雨量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td nowrap="" rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 81.55pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">田間耗水量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">蒸發散量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">滲漏量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">排水量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;"><td nowrap="" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">農民</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td colspan="2" nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 181.15pt;" valign="top" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生產產量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">相近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">相近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><td colspan="2" nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 181.15pt;" valign="top" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生產成本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;"><td nowrap="" rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生產投入資源</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td colspan="2" nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 181.15pt;" valign="top" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水生產力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;"><td colspan="2" nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 181.15pt;" valign="top" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">土地生產力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">相近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">相近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;"><td colspan="2" nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 181.15pt;" valign="top" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">勞力生產力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;"><td colspan="2" nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 181.15pt;" valign="top" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">資本生產力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;"><td nowrap="" rowspan="9" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生態系統服務</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 81.55pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生產</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生產糧食</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">相近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">相近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;"><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">提供下游迴歸水源</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">提供燃料</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">相近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">相近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 73.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;"><td nowrap="" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 73.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 81.55pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生態</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 73.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">環境緩和功能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 28.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水質淨化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 28.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">微氣候</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; text-indent: 28.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">洪水調節</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 73.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 73.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 73.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 73.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">環境支持系統</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 28.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">氮循環</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 28.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">土壤生成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 28.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">初級生產</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 73.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 73.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17;"><td nowrap="" rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 81.55pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生活</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">景觀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18;"><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">自我實現</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19;"><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">教育</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">遊憩</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 21;"><td nowrap="" rowspan="6" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">環境衝擊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td colspan="2" nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 181.15pt;" valign="top" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">氨的流失</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 22;"><td nowrap="" rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 81.55pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">溫室氣體生成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">甲烷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 23;"><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">二氧化碳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border: currentColor; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0cm 1.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 24;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">笑氣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 25;"><td nowrap="" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 81.55pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水污染</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">氮磷流失</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 26; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.6pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">除草、殺蟲劑增加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td><td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-64294866093813804502012-09-07T16:17:00.001-07:002013-09-24T19:00:33.985-07:00台灣在地化SRI原則為「三多四少」<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-left: 48.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">三多:多曬田、多中耕、多有機</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 48pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt;">四少:少苗、少藥、少化肥、少湛水</span></div>
張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-9418321059972206962012-09-07T16:16:00.002-07:002013-02-16T04:06:35.934-08:00優點:其他生育階段<br />
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="background: aqua; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin-left: 17.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 17.25pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #ffff99; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 17.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 249.85pt;" valign="top" width="333"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">優點:其他生育階段</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">by 張煜權</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 81pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 81pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 249.85pt;" valign="top" width="333"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">乾濕交替灌溉,可以省水省電;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 22.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.91; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -22.9pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">乾濕灌溉、中耕等通氣性措施,改善水田生態環境,防止早衰,減輕倒伏和稻熱病;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">減少化肥,增施有機肥,增肥地力;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">減少化肥、農藥,提高回歸水品質;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">提高稻米品質,綠色優質化;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">增加農友改善稻作技術動力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-83447193343405691032012-09-07T16:15:00.006-07:002013-02-16T04:17:52.151-08:00優點:秧苗移植階段<br />
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="background: aqua; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin-left: 17.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 17.25pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 17.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 249.8pt;" valign="top" width="333"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">優點:秧苗移植階段</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">by 張煜權</span></span></div>
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">少株稀植減少稻種用量;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">減少秧苗準備空間;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">乳苗移植,可縮短秧田時間。</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<tr style="height: 81pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 81pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 249.8pt;" valign="top" width="333"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
</td></tr>
<br />
張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-39545398158878105652012-09-07T16:15:00.002-07:002013-02-16T04:07:43.913-08:00有機SRI原則(Organic SRI, Dr. Uphoff, 2009)<br />
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="background: aqua; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin-left: 17.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 18.35pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: #ff99cc; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 18.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 249.85pt;" valign="top" width="333"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有機</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">原則</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">(Organic SRI, Dr. Uphoff, 2009)</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">by 張煜權</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 63pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; height: 63pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 249.85pt;" valign="top" width="333"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 24.0pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">採用小苗插秧</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">(</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">或直播</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 24.0pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">插秧時避免傷到秧苗的根</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">插秧時拉開苗的間距</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">全生育期不湛水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">增加土壤通氣性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">增加土壤有機質</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-43523955300350844202012-09-07T16:14:00.006-07:002013-02-16T04:08:06.244-08:00基本SRI原則(Basic SRI, Fr. Loranie, 1983)<br />
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">基本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">原則</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">(Basic SRI, Fr. Loranie, 1983)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;">by 張煜權</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">插秧採用發芽後一周左右的乳苗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">間隔約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">25c</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">m</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">1</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">支苗進行插秧</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">抽穗期之前不湛水,採用間斷灌溉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-25968197448247733202012-09-07T16:14:00.002-07:002015-01-31T19:47:30.228-08:00SRI的經驗與普及<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">的經驗與普及</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">by</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: xx-small;"> 張煜權</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">, 2012</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">台灣於</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">2009</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年由農委會農田水利處根據區域條件探討在地化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">原則</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">推廣</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">訖今已三年。期待農友在稻作產質確保的前提下。達成環境保育與省水的目的。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">世界上執行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的國家已</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">48</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">國,其中印度、中國、越南、柬埔寨、緬甸及印尼等國家超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">1</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">萬公頃</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,印度和中國面積最大,合計超過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">90</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">萬公頃,印度是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">最普及的國家,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">45%</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水稻栽培縣有導入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">。</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">依據日本經驗認為柬埔寨</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">最成功,主要為該地區缺乏田間灌排設施。</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">台灣為第44個有</span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">實施經驗的國家。</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">原則不只可應用在稻作上,也可應用</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">到其他作物,如小麥、甘蔗、高粱、玉米、豆科、茄子、洋蔥、胡蘿蔔、芥菜及番茄等作物,又稱為</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SCI (System of Crop Intensification)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。農友</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">透過</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">SCI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的實施可使生產環境改善,產量增加。</span></div>
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張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-73247999899097719232012-09-07T16:13:00.003-07:002013-02-16T04:09:38.557-08:00SRI的起源與原理<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體;">的起源與原理</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"> b<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">y 張煜權</span>, 2012</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">稻作強化栽培體系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">(SRI, System of Rice Intensification)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的起源:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">1983 </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">法國</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">Henri de Laulanie</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">神父累積自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">1960</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年來在馬達加斯加種植稻作的經驗,提出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">1993<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Henri de Laulanie</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">以</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">Katayama</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">教授之稻作分蘗與根系研究,提出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">理論基礎。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體; mso-hansi-font-family: 標楷體;">1993 </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">美國</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">Norman Uphoff </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">教授在環境與農業的一系列調查中,認同</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的作法,並開始積極推廣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">SRI</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的原理:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">充分利用分蘖優勢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;">-</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">乳苗單株</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 標楷體;"></span></div>
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張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-20011427711428694532012-09-06T00:27:00.000-07:002013-02-16T04:10:16.711-08:00強化稻作體系(SRI)-在台灣的經驗投影片連結 : <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/SRI.CORNELL/adapting-water-management-practice-to-the-double-exposure-of-climate-change-and-globalization-system-of-rice-intensification-in-taiwan" target="_blank">適應雙重暴露的用水管理-台灣稻作強化體系</a><br />
<div style="font-family: Times,'Times New Roman',serif; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">by 張煜權</span>, 2012</span></div>
<br />
節錄2009年及2010年農委會農田水利處執行SRI之經驗,已發表於PAWEE 2011研討會(2011,10,27,臺灣台北)及2011 J-SRI(日本SRI研究會)第四回會議(2012,1,6,日本東京)。收錄於美國康乃爾大學<a href="http://sri.ciifad.cornell.edu/presentations/index.html" target="_blank">SRI-RICE網站中</a>。<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.slideshare.net/SRI.CORNELL/adapting-water-management-practice-to-the-double-exposure-of-climate-change-and-globalization-system-of-rice-intensification-in-taiwan" target="_blank"></a>張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-87339384112272202882012-09-05T23:51:00.000-07:002013-02-16T04:10:53.153-08:00強化作物體系(System of Crop Intensification, SCI)<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">投影片連結 : <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/pub?id=1IHsrbLnOfNDqcUXKias67xHZuHE7QxODdXme9u-747Q&start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000" target="_blank">強化作物體系(System of Crop Intensification)</a></span><br />
<div style="font-family: Times,'Times New Roman',serif; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">by 張煜權</span>, 2012</span></div>
</div>
<div class="O" style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: small;">農民</span><span style="font-size: small;">根據SRI的實施經驗,可以將其原理從稻作(Rice)應用到其他作物(Crop)</span><span style="font-size: small;">。主要的概念就是</span><span style="font-size: small;">透過更強健的植株、根系及土壤生態,達到提高土地<span lang="ZH-TW">、</span>勞動力<span lang="ZH-TW">、</span>水分和養分生產力的目的。</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: small;">本文發表在台灣社群支持協會(<a href="http://www.csa.tw/aboutCSA03-1.html" target="_blank">Community supported agriculture, </a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.csa.tw/aboutCSA03-1.html" target="_blank">CSA</a>)<span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">(2012,7,台灣台北)。</span></div>
張煜權http://www.blogger.com/profile/02938551909897270308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5241809214701175126.post-49250183827431562812012-09-05T23:26:00.000-07:002013-02-16T04:11:39.183-08:00灌溉稻系統在面對水與耕地短缺下的選擇--稻作強化栽培體系<a href="http://readopac2.ncl.edu.tw/nclserialFront/search/detail.jsp?sysId=0006695893&dtdId=000040&search_type=detail&la=ch&checked=&unchecked=0010006695911,0020006695923,0030006695890,0040006695893,0050006695847,0060006695891,0070006695892,0080006687225,0090006688226,0100006684491,0110006690344,0120006694260,0130006694242,0140006685200,0150006687327,0160006687331,0170006687332,0180006687333,0190006687336,0200006687337," target="_blank">2012.07,水資源管理會刊(ISSN:1606-2604),第十四卷第一期:38-44</a><br />
<div style="font-family: Times,'Times New Roman',serif; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">by 張煜權</span>, 2012</span></div>
<br />
摘要<br />
<br />
為因應水資源與耕地日益短缺的情形,本文透過稻作強化栽培體系之回顧及其對水資源影響之探討,分析如何在不影響稻作產量與品質的前提下,提升農業水資源使用效率,達成穩定糧食供應與水資源效率化應用的雙重目標。未來在積極面希望確保農民權益,減少休耕對農業生產體的傷害;在消極面則配合農民擴大農地經營規模的趨勢,降低國內農糧生產成本,增加國際市場競爭力;就國土永續的立場,則在減緩農業地區因水源不穩定而超抽地下水所造成地層下陷及鹽鹼地的發生。<br />
<br />
ㄧ、前言<br />
<br />
自從綠色革命以來,各國專家學者不論在理論上或實際實驗中,均有相當好的成果與成功的案例,雖然在不同階段對世界稻作生產有很大的影響,但就整體生產而言,似乎還有很多國家或地區的稻作生產情況並未獲得全面性的改善,這也就興起世界各國對區域稻作栽培體系強化的重視。目前許多國家的水稻生產面臨水資源缺乏及農耕地減少的問題,如何在這樣惡劣的情形下使每年約545百萬公噸的水稻產量增加到700百萬公噸,以滿足2025年額外增加的65億米食人口需求,將是一大挑戰。<br />
<br />
二、台灣的稻作用水管理<br />
<br />
台灣稻作栽培以灌溉稻系統(Irrigated Rice Eco System)為主,傳統稻作用水管理在1895年以前由於地廣人稀,水源充足,故採用較粗放的越田灌溉(Plot-to-Plot),並無任何管理可言。到了二次大戰期間,灌溉水源開始不穩定,雖然連續灌溉仍為主流,但是到了1925年開始在主要河川採用區域分水措施(分水協定),可謂大輪灌的開始。但在當時由於田間灌溉仍屬農民自行管理,水稻栽培幾乎在全生育期間皆採維持5公分淹水的續灌方式,即所謂的「淹腳目」(徐玉標,1966)。1950年代人口增加,用水糾紛日益頻繁,農復會周禮先生與台大金城教授開始倡導田間的小區輪流灌溉,直至1954年間發生嚴重乾旱,始由政府成立輪灌督導小組,建立了現今各水利會慣用的輪流灌溉制度。該制度維持了大系統之上游系統為輪流灌溉,小系統之末端系統為續灌,亦即”維持大輪灌,取消小輪灌”的管理方式,藉此提高灌溉效率、節約灌溉用水並可節省灌溉成本。台灣稻作技術發展到了1960至1980年代是ㄧ個重要的轉淚點,糧食的增產從擴大耕地面積轉為提升單位面積產量。圖一顯示1961至2004年期間世界主要稻作地區的單位面積平均產量紀錄,世界平均值由1960年代每公頃2.10噸增加到2004年的每公頃3.91噸。其中主要產米國家如臺灣、中國、日本及南韓在1980年代以後單位面積產量已經發揮相當高的潛能。而當時台灣農民所採用的用水管理,即為FAO理論所追求的合理灌溉(Sound Water Management) (Brouwer,1989),農民根據不同生育期進行適當的淺水、乾田及濕潤等交替應用的複雜管理方式(汪呈因,1974)。1970年代末期,國內稻米生產過剩,改善農村生活取代糧食增產成為農業發展的首要目標,農民透過農業機械化追求更高的利潤及更省工的方式,因此現行稻作栽培管理除了考慮不同生育期需求外,尚加入了農事的操作及調適區域氣候、水文、土壤及社經條件等考量,即所謂的最佳田間管理(Best Management Practice)。台灣稻作平均單位面積產量大約是世界平均值的1.5倍,追求單位面積產量的提升也許不是我們目前面對水資源及耕地日益短缺的唯一選擇。本文透過稻作強化栽培體系之回顧其對水資源影響之探討,正是希望揭露出我們未來追求友善環境的糧農生產方式及共同承擔世界追求永續發展的責任。<br />
<br />
三、稻作強化栽培體系<br />
<br />
據估計全球到了2025年將有15至20萬公頃的灌溉稻會遭遇不同程度的缺水(Tuong and Bouman, 2001),而缺水最直接的影響就是農民會抽用地下水補充灌溉不足,在沒有合理的管制下很容易造成區域地下水位下降,進而對土地形成長久性的傷害。一般對應缺水最直接的想法就是希望農民採用節水技術(Water Saving Technology),然而對農民自身而言,節水必須是在預期可取得水源下,有適當的儲存空間且具有將水留到下次使用、做為其他用途或減少灌溉成本等目的,方能誘發節水的動機。所以在區域發生缺水時,農民只在乎自己是否可以得到足夠的水量,水管理者並沒有足夠的誘因要求農民採用節水措施,因而造成節水技術在田間推動的困難。灌溉主要在確保稻作能得到作物正常生長所需之水量,其餘包括田面蒸發量、土壤滲漏量、田埂側滲及溢流量與輸配損水等都是應該設法避免發生的水量。因此除了推動田間節水技術外,增加田間蓄存空間及適當的田間管理均能有效提升水資源應用效率。例如在農地準備階段維護田間水路、翻籬耕作土壤、提升整地精準度及維護田埂等,均有助於減少輸漏水及滲漏損失;在稻作栽種階段則可以利用養田及錯開期距的方式,降低渠道尖峰用水量,並且縮短養田、整田及插秧間隔的時間,避免土壤無謂的蒸發及滲漏量;至於在作物生長階段則需教育農民採用淺水深管理,降低田面水壓所造成的滲漏水損失,利用間斷灌溉減少水暴露在大氣中的機會,避免田面蒸發量。而目前國際盛行的稻作強化系統(System of Rice Intensification, SRI)正是應用了上述原理使SRI不但提升灌溉稻整體的生產力,更促成了日本提出解決飢餓、貧困及水不足等問題的稻作革命(Yamaji等,2011)。 SRI係法國神父Henri de Laulanie在1983年所提出田間稻作栽培的方法,該方法源自於Laulanie神父在1960年至1983年間於馬達加斯加協助農民改善稻作栽培的方法,產量可較當地慣行農法增加50%至100%,而用水量可節省25%到50%。但因當時缺乏理論基礎而被相關研究者詬病。ㄧ直到1993年Laulanie神父根據日本Katayama教授的稻作分蘗與根系研究,才提出SRI的理論基礎(Uphoff,1999),包括乳苗單株移植以充分利用分蘖優勢;透過乾濕交替用水管理挖掘根系生長潛力及疏植插秧以發揮大穗優勢。同年美國Uphoff 教授在「環境與農業」的一系列調查中,認為SRI是一種友善環境的作法(Environment Friendly),透過SRI可以找到農業生產與環境保育的平衡點,因此開始積極推廣,並加入有機農業的想法。目前在各國實施的經驗裡,SRI大致可分為Loranie神父在1983提出的基本SRI及Uphoff教授在2009所提出的有機SRI兩種,其中基本SRI原則包括插秧採用發芽後一周左右的乳苗;間隔約25cm;使用1支苗進行插秧;抽穗期之前不湛水,採用間斷灌溉。至於有機SRI原則則為採用小苗插秧(或直播);插秧時避免傷到秧苗的根;插秧時拉開苗的間距;全生育期不湛水;增加土壤通氣性;增加土壤有機質。對農民而言,採用SRI的好處包括少株稀植減少稻種用量;減少秧苗準備的空間;乳苗移植,可縮短秧田時間;乾濕交替灌溉(Alternative Wet and Dry, AWD),可以省水省電;乾濕灌溉、中耕等通氣性措施,改善水田生態環境,防止早衰,減輕倒伏和稻熱病;減少化肥,增施有機肥,增肥地力;減少化肥、農藥,提高回歸水品質;提高稻米品質,綠色優質化;增加農友改善稻作技術的動力。由於SRI原則不只可應用在灌溉稻上,農民也嘗試將這些原則應用到其他作物體系,包括陸稻、看天田(Rain-fed Rice)、小麥、甘蔗、高粱、玉米、豆科、茄子、洋蔥、胡蘿蔔、芥菜及番茄等作物,因此又稱為作物強化體系(System of Crop Intensification, SCI),農民可透過SCI的實施使作物生產環境改善,產量增加。然而由於慣行農法(Conventional practice, CP)往往是農民依據當地氣候、水文及土壤特性所調適出來的作法,因此對農民而言,CP往往較SRI合理及容易接受。McDonald等人就從馬達加斯加等十個國家收集了將近40筆的SRI資料,再與當地慣行農法的結果進行比較,並沒得到SRI在產量上有明顯的優勢。紀錄中包括馬達加斯加實施SRI所增加的產量並沒有超過22%,如果扣除馬達加斯加的紀錄,SRI甚至是減產的,總計在35筆的SRI紀錄中,有24筆SRI的產量記錄比當地慣行農法減少11%以上。McDonald等人並警告在未開發國家以外的地區推廣SRI必須特別注意,SRI事實上並未改變稻作生理上的生產潛能(McDonald et al, 2006)。另外,根據Moser與Barett在未開發國家(如馬達加斯加)對SRI所作的調查,由於實施SRI需耗費相當的人力與耗費推廣作業來改變農民現有作業方式,因此並不建議採用SRI (Moser and Barett, 2003)。以減少田間水量投入的觀點來看,稻作在灌溉技術上可採用的有漫灌、續灌、濕潤灌溉、乾濕交替灌溉、溝灌、滑灌及噴灌等選擇。雖然後者能減少水量的投入,但相對的所需花費的勞力成本也會增加。如前述,農民比較關心的是如何省工及使產量增加,因此這也造成SRI在推動初期往往會遭遇到很多困難,但在實際執行之後,由於SRI可以使植株壯大、穗粒數增加與飽滿結穗,因此有很多農民在嘗試SRI之後,會轉為積極支持SRI的使用,進而使田間的水量可以大量的節省。<br />
<br />
四、台灣實施SRI的經驗<br />
<br />
田間(On Farm)的節水必須能紓緩區域系統(Off Farm)的用水壓力方能提升水資源的有效利用。就區域系統而言,水量一但進入到灌溉系統就必須在短時間內送達田間以減少輸漏水損失。在水量不足時,水管理者(農田水利會)大多喜歡採用輪流灌溉,藉此集中大流量延長供水期距,對田間而言就形成了間斷的供水,即間斷灌溉,例如滑灌(Flush Irrigation)、乾濕交替灌溉(AWD)、濕潤灌溉(SSC)及間斷淹水(ASNS)等。理論上水稻田土壤水分不得低於田間容水量,而當土壤水分到達1/2有效水份以下時,稻作就會減產。上述間斷灌溉除滑灌是採用後者為灌溉的起點外,其餘的都是採用前者,而後三者最大的差異就是一次的灌溉水深。由於節水並非農民的主要考量,因此一次灌溉水深實際上除考慮土壤性質及作物蒸發散量外,最主要還是會因整地技術、田面坡度及降雨量的條件而有所差異。表一顯示部份灌溉稻系統之灌溉水深,表中大致可歸納出在具有精確整地水準的大農體系(如美國及澳洲),除非在田間坡度不足會採用較大的灌溉水深來推動漫地流外,一般水深並不需要太高。至於整地水準不高的小農體系中,高水深可提升灌溉的均勻度,尤其位處於季風帶的小農,採用較大水深有利於對應極端的降雨條件。至於低水深則意謂著整地及灌溉作業量的增加,因此除非是在極端缺水條件下利用低水深減少田面蒸發散及滲漏損失外,否則灌溉水深鮮少低於2公分以下,這也就是過去SRI所採用的AWD灌溉方式較少被農民所採用的原因。有鑑於台灣因水源的不足(如地下水位下降及水庫淤積)、水質劣化(如化學污染及鹽化)、灌溉系統功能障礙及其他用水標的競爭所造成的缺水情況越來越頻繁,因此農委會農田水利處於2009年著手推動「強化水稻用水栽培體系可行性評估及其對水資源之影響計畫」(農委會,2011),希望藉由SRI的推動提升稻作栽培的水資源效益,而農民在執行SRI之後亦能努力改進整地技術,奠定擴大農業經營面積的基礎,並鼓勵農民從事友善環境的耕作方式。該計劃首先針對台灣北、中及南部的水資源條件及慣行農法進行調查;其次考量甘俊二教授於1997年提出水田及水庫的概念(Paddy Field Dam)的概念,分析稻作深水密植的優缺點(Chang et al 2001、Chang et al 2007);最後透過日本SRI主席Yamaji教授及美國SRI主席Uphoff教授收集SRI的作法,並將CP、深水密植及SRI三者進行田間試驗及推廣比較。計劃結果建議臺灣稻作強化體系應發展出水田蓄水及稻作耐旱兩者並重的用水管理。在實際執行時,考量農田水利會以明渠輸水的方式,農田水利會執行系統(off farm)配水應以大流量及長時間的輪灌供水期距為操作原則,盡量減少輸配水損失,以供應田間農民執行全生育期間斷灌溉為目標。至於輪區以下的田間(on farm)配水,則不論是深水密植或SRI,均應配合農塘的設置或田間管路化進行,包括一期作配合缺水型態執行SRI淺水管理(節省25%以上的田間灌溉用水量,水生產力為CP的3至6倍),二期作配合雨季執行深水密植高水深管理(可增加16%~28%有效雨量)。上述配水管理之改變,在水利會尚未調整水源灌溉計劃前,執行SRI所節省的田間灌溉用水量及深水密植所增加的有效雨量,均應透過末端尾水回收體系,增加下游灌區之輔助水源水量,藉此穩定農業地區的灌溉水源,減緩地層下陷及鹽鹼地發生的機率,提升區域水資源應用之效率化。唯目前國際間推廣SRI成功的地區,大部分是以機械化程度不高或缺乏田間灌溉設施的小田坵園藝型稻作栽培為主,例如印尼及柬埔寨的坵塊面積為0.025公頃,農民較易於田間實施灌溉水深不及2公分的精密用水管理方式,考量我國目前農地重劃0.25公頃的坵塊面積大小及未來擴大農地經營面積以適應大型農機具的趨勢,一期作推廣國際SRI用水管理必須優先考量如何在大面積經營體系中提升農民整地的水準及克服灌溉均勻度的問題。根據日本SRI研究團隊在台灣考察結果發現,台灣有部分未重劃區域內,農民在長邊200公尺以上(現有重劃坵塊長邊的兩倍)的農地上成功種植水稻,相當值得台灣、日本及韓國在推廣大面積執行國際SRI用水管理之參考。此外,現行保價收購政策主要在有效管理稻米產量並照顧弱勢農民,使農業能永續發展,然而過去農民在缺乏正確的認識下,均以大量的秧苗、肥料、農藥及水量來追求總產量的提高,藉此提高收入。唯這種「高投入,高產出」的生產方式相當耗用自然資源,未來則應透過正確觀念的宣導,使農民接受SRI少苗、少肥、少藥及少水的田間管理習慣,以期建立稻作強化體系追求「低投入,高產出」(Less water, More rice)的目標。<br />
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五、結語<br />
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近年來各地區缺水日益頻繁,在產業價值的考量下,區域常需犧牲末端灌溉減少灌溉面積以支援各標的用水。然而長期停灌休耕不僅使耕地面積減少及農村勞力外移,同時亦會影響原有水田生態公益功能(ecosystem services),例如農地長期不湛水,雜草容易孳生,造成鄰近農地及復耕後農民必須要使用更多的除草劑,形成造成環境的殘留(Mortimer and Hill 1999);而農地呈現乾田狀態亦容易使害蟲滋生,農藥濫用,農村環境品質下降等;此外亦會形成社會的不公平,所謂「風頭水尾,民性強悍」就是這個道理。維持農地耕作與灌溉行為不但有助雜草的防制與土壤鹽分的淋洗,對於下游地區亦有減洪的效果。事實上當缺水發生時,提高每單位水生產力(water productivity)應比確保單位面積產量(land productivity)更為重要,因此從健全農業生產體系、維護農村環境生態、追求社會公平及提升灌溉生產力的角度,採用全面減供灌溉的節水措施應較停灌休耕為宜。就水源效率化應用的觀點,SRI所採用的AWD用水管理與日本深水密植栽培正是符合這樣的想法。未來區域面對缺水時,首先應以確保灌區所有農民的灌溉權益為前提,其次透過田間SRI的推廣使田間有效雨量提升及系統供灌期距拉長,最後再透過末端尾水回收體系保障末端灌區農民用水,藉此提升灌溉稻系統的水生產力,並達成灌溉所追求社會福祉的公平性。<br />
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參考文獻<br />
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